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Isro to Launch 6 Singapore Satellites in December

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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">India will launch six satellites from Singapore, including a 
dedicated 500kg earth observation spacecraft, in mid-December, a top 
space official said on Friday.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">"The 500kg dedicated satellite
 (TeLOS-1) will be a commercial launch for Singapore Technologies 
Electronics Ltd while five other smaller satellites are from Singapore 
universities," Indian space agency's commercial arm Antrix Corporation 
Chairman and Managing Director V.S. Hegde told IANS in Bengaluru.</span>
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</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV), the most reliable workhorse and trusted rocket of the Indian Space Research and Organisation (Isro), will deploy the satellites into a near equatorial orbit, inclined 15 degrees lower to the south of equator.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">"As Singapore has a cloudy weather most of the year, the observatory 
satellite will be put in a sun-synchronous polar orbit 550km above the 
earth so that it could transmit signals round-the-clock, cloud 
disturbances notwithstanding," Hegde said on the margins of a defence 
and aerospace seminar.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">According to the company subsidiary, (Satcom & Sensor Systems Pte
 Ltd), its first commercial satellite will carry an electro-optical 
camera capable of taking images at ground resolution of one metre.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">"The observatory spacecraft will be used disaster and environment 
monitoring, maritime safety, urban planning and homeland security," 
Hegde noted.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The remote sensing satellite's positioning in the unique near 
equatorial orbit also allows its frequent revisits to areas of interest 
in equatorial regions at 96-minute intervals, delivering high data 
availability and responsiveness.</span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">India will also launch another 900kg dedicated communication 
satellite (Aisat) for the German space agency (GLR) in 2016 from its 
spaceport at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">"Of the 23 satellites we have commercially contracted for launches in
 the earth's lower orbit from nine developed and developing countries, 
21 smaller, micro and nano type are from Algeria, Canada, Indonesia, 
Japan and the US for communication, remote sensing, observational 
activities," Hegde added.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">With demand for launching 1,500 satellites for various space and 
science applications from countries the world over, India is ramping up 
its capacity to launch as many of them, in view of its cost 
competitiveness and record expertise in sending them in lower orbits 
using PSLV over the decades.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">

Earlier, Hegde addressed a gathering of about 300 scientists, 
engineers, technologists and students of aeronautics at a seminar on 
"Developing and sustaining a vibrant R&D for aerospace and defence 
sector', organised in memory of late former president A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
 in Bengaluru by the Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies and 
Industries</span></div>

Latest News Science Technology Isro to Launch 6 Singapore Satellites in December

India will launch six satellites from Singapore, including a dedicated 500kg earth observation spacecraft, in mid-December, a top spac...

This Drone Can Hack your Office Network Hovering Outside the Building

12:46 AM Unknown 0

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Imagine you are sitting in your office and working on something confidential. Once you are done, you send a command to print that document.<br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But, What if... </b><br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" />...the whole confidential document send to a hacker attacking from the air?</div>
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Sounds pity but may be your Boss fires you immediately if that confidential data is leaked or misused.</div>
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This is no more an imagination now, as a group of researchers has done exactly the same.</div>
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Researchers from Singapore have devised a unique set up consisting of a <b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Drone that carries a smartphone</b> running two custom apps that are capable of intercepting wireless printer transmissions, even from outside an office building.</div>
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In short, hackers can gain access to your corporate network by using a smartphone-equipped drone to hack your printer.</div>
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The project was developed by the researchers at <a href="http://itrust.sutd.edu.sg/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #3d5a99; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">iTrust</a>, a research center at the Singapore University of Technology and Design.<br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They developed two applications:</b></div>
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<ul style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 20px 20px 20px 35px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cybersecurity Patrol</b> – To detect open WiFi printers and automatically notify the organisation's IT department.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Another app (unknown name)</b> – Once an open wireless printer is detected, this app uses the smartphone to establish a fake access point that mimics the printer and tricks PCs to send documents to it instead of the real printer.</li><br>
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According to researchers, it's quite difficult for one to get to several floors with their devices to hack into networks, but a Drone can do it easily.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-left-color: rgb(191, 202, 218); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 8px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"This is the main point of the research, closing the physical gap with [a] drone in order to launch the attack or scan easily all the organization [for vulnerable devices],"</i> Yuval Elovici, the head of iTrust, <a href="http://www.wired.com/2015/10/drones-robot-vacuums-can-spy-office-printer/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #3d5a99; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">told</a> Wired.</blockquote>
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Video Demonstration </h3>
<br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" />You can watch the video given below, which shows the attack in work:<br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><div class="video-container" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 30px 0px 409.5px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-jsMS7faqHo" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 439.5px; left: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 728px;" width="640"></iframe><br style="content: " "; display: block; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
The researchers used a consumer DJI drone and a Samsung smartphone that they rooted to install Debian Linux OS and the apps mentioned above written in Python that emulate an <b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HP6830 wireless printer</b>.</div>
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Besides Drone, the group also devised a robotic vacuum cleaner that can also scan for vulnerable networks while it cleans an office's floors.</div>
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The project's aim is to aware businesses and organizations that their innocent looking printers and vacuum cleaners can be easily hacked and hijacked by hackers trying to get into their corporate networks.</div>
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Now, you could imagine the world where everything from vacuum cleaners to drones... surrounds you is a robot hacker (<i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hackbots</i>), and you need to secure your confidential data from them, which is quite difficult, but you don’t have any other choices.</div>
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Hacking news Internet Latest News Science Technology This Drone Can Hack your Office Network Hovering Outside the Building

Imagine you are sitting in your office and working on something confidential. Once you are done, you send a command to print that docu...

This Tiny 4-Gram Robot Jumps and Walks Using Memory Alloy Springs

12:13 AM Unknown 0

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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Not all robots needs to be big and clever - those that are small and 
simple could prove just as useful. Like this little thing created by 
researchers at EPFL, which folds, flips, jumps and walks, while only 
weighing four grams.</i></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Created by the Reconfigurable Robotics Laboratory - which has strong robot form - it is in fact modelled on the<b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometer_moth" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">inchworm</a>,</b>
 a caterpillar which has a walking pattern where it lies flat and then 
arches up. But the robot, known as Tribot and shown on either side of 
the above image, can also jump whilst it walks, launching itself into 
the air up to seven times its height and then carrying on moving as soon
 as it lands.</i></span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kumAzp_V74o/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kumAzp_V74o?feature=player_embedded" width="500"></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>It can do that because of the fact it weighs just four grams. Clearly
 a jumping robots needs to be light, and this one uses springs made from
 a shape memory alloy of Titanium and Nickel. Those springs remember 
their initial shape and snap back to it when warmed slightly - in this 
case, by a little electric current. Then - pop! - up it goes.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The 
researchers claims that the beauty of these little robots could be how 
easy they are to store and transport. "Just like Ikea furniture, these 
robots could be shipped in flat layers that could then be easily 
assembled," explains Jamie Paik, who leads the research.</i></span>
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Science Technology This Tiny 4-Gram Robot Jumps and Walks Using Memory Alloy Springs

Not all robots needs to be big and clever - those that are small and simple could prove just as useful. Like this little thing created...

NASA Is Sending Bacteria to the Edge of Space to See if They Can Hitchhike to Mars

3:01 AM Unknown 0

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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /></i></span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Discovering life on another planet, only to contaminate that world 
with our own pesky microbes, is one of NASA's nightmare scenarios. To 
find out whether single-celled Earthlings can hitchhike to Mars and 
survive on the Red Planet's surface, NASA is going to see how they like 
it 120,000 feet up.</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></span>
<br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Today, weather permitting, a 
helium balloon carrying a very special scientific experiment will launch
 to the edge of space from NASA's Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility 
in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. </i></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
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<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Its passengers - a collection of bacteria - 
are loaded into containers that'll shield them from the elements during 
their ascent into Earth's stratosphere. Once the balloon reaches its 
target altitude, the sample chambers will pop open, exposing their 
hapless test subjects for a pre-determined period of time: 6, 12, 18, or
 24 hours. At the end of the experiment, the balloon will explode and 
its microbial payload will parachute back to Earth.</i></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i> A 2014 
test of the E-MIST system at NASA's Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility
 in Fort Sumner, New Mexico, via NASA / David J. Smith</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Earth's
 upper stratosphere is a pretty hellish environment: It's well below 
freezing, bone dry, practically a vacuum, and awash in ultraviolet 
radiation. Sorta like the surface of Mars. It's hard to imagine anything
 surviving up there, and yet, previous studies have shown that some fearless bugs do make a living in the stratosphere after being blown skyward by dust storms or hurricanes. Even more impressive, recent work on the ISS
 shows that dormant bacteria, fungal spores, and even plant seeds can 
survive strapped to the outside of a spacecraft - if they're shielded 
from the intense UV radiation.</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_K5tRcNfE6Yw0pFd_4cj8_vy_eJYmKIoCkoRE_qcqaZUKcK-j3iaMcfOEX6pQCpsZPbVOKnt3nh6E8TKEhe5QYs9y5h5ekAP_gbw1-M9PfXUPR1yhsgkjk388Ly8IPxcxhKxuBCqkq0/s1600/nasa2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_K5tRcNfE6Yw0pFd_4cj8_vy_eJYmKIoCkoRE_qcqaZUKcK-j3iaMcfOEX6pQCpsZPbVOKnt3nh6E8TKEhe5QYs9y5h5ekAP_gbw1-M9PfXUPR1yhsgkjk388Ly8IPxcxhKxuBCqkq0/s640/nasa2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Given life's tenacity, the 
possibility of contaminating an alien environment is one that deserves 
to be studied and understood. Beyond Mars, there's NASA's recently 
announced Europa mission, and further down the line, we might even send a space probe to Saturn's ice moon Enceladus.
 Both of these missions, if and when they happen, will be on the hunt 
for alien life. It sure would be a bummer to mistake a stowaway for the 
biggest scientific discovery of all time.
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Latest News Science NASA Is Sending Bacteria to the Edge of Space to See if They Can Hitchhike to Mars

Discovering life on another planet, only to contaminate that world with our own pesky microbes, is one of NASA's nightmare scenar...

Japan's Friendly Robot Is Getting a Snarky C-3PO Attitude Adjustment For Americans

12:32 AM Unknown 0

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<br />
<i>The Japanese humanoid robot Pepper, which sold out of its first 1,000 units in one minute in Japan this June, will get a personality makeover for the US market: it'll go from cute and bubbly to snarky and sarcastic, MIT Technology Review reports.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b><i>Editor
 Will Knight met a Pepper unit in Boston this week, and reported back 
some very distinct changes in the robot's personality designed to make 
it more appealing to Americans: High fives instead of bows; smartass 
swipes instead of songs. In the MIT report, Knight said he asked an 
Americanized Pepper if it's like Terminator, to which it responded: "Do I
 really have to answer that?"</i></b><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Pepper is a robot that's designed to
 recognize human emotions, and is supposed to read social situations so 
it can interact with you like a person can. And since people already ask
 Siri questions that get sassy comebacks, Pepper's gotta be ready.</i>
<br />
<i><br /></i>
<b><i>"In
 the U.S., we have this kind of C-3PO idea, where he's kind of snarky 
and kind of smart," Alia Pyros, international communications manager of 
Aldebaran Robotics, told Knight. Aldebaran is the French robotics 
company that made Pepper, while Japanese telecom giant SoftBank bankrolled (and now owns) the robot.</i></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<i>In Japan, "kawaii" (cute) culture is pervasive, from the menagerie of local government mascots to Pokémon occasionally plastered on the jets of major Japanese airlines. Pepper's demeanor fits with that market: super polite and giggly, which might go over like a lead balloon with some Americans.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b><i>Why
 is this important? Because it shows that robot "personalities" will be 
programmed to fit into whatever culture or market they're functioning 
in. Or maybe someday, a talking, interactive robot could code switch on 
the fly, tweaking its personality (and of course, language) to better coexist with its mammalian counterparts.</i></b><br />
<br />
<i>So
 far, Pepper's making waves in the robotics scene. Earlier this month, a
 drunk dude in Yokohama apparently got pissed at a SoftBank shop 
employee and kicked a Pepper on the scene, damaging it.</i><br />
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<b><i>SoftBank also reminded customers that Peppers aren't to be used for you, uh, licentious needs.</i></b><br />
<b><i>Pepper
 costs around $1,600, plus monthly subscription fees that cover software
 updates and regular maintenance. It'll make its wise-crackin' Western 
debut sometime next year.</i></b></div>

Science Technology Japan's Friendly Robot Is Getting a Snarky C-3PO Attitude Adjustment For Americans

The Japanese humanoid robot Pepper, which sold out of its first 1,000 units in one minute in Japan this June, will get a personality ma...

'Smart' chocolate may slow brain loss in the elderly

11:52 PM Unknown 0

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<br />
<br />
<i><b>A novel chocolate made of dietary cocoa extract can promote brain health
 and prevent age-related neuro-degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's 
in the elderly, scientists have determined.</b></i> <i></i><br />
<i><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">There is strong 
scientific evidence supporting the growing interest in developing cocoa 
extract, and potentially certain dietary chocolate preparations, as a 
natural source to maintain and promote brain health, the researchers 
wrote.This noval chocolate can "prevent age-related neurodegenerative 
disorders such as Alzheimer's disease which is the most common form of 
age-related dementia affecting an estimated 44 million people 
worldwide," said Dr Giulio Maria Pasinetti, professor of neurology from 
the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.Cocoa 
extracts contain polyphenols - micronutrients that have many health 
benefits, including reducing age-related cognitive dysfunction and 
promoting healthy brain ageing.</span></i> <i>
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<br /> <b>Previous studies from Dr 
Pasinetti's laboratory suggest that certain cocoa extract preparations 
may prevent or possibly delay Alzheimer's disease in animal experimental
 models of the disease.</b></i><b> </b><i></i><br />
<i><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Most importantly, the role of cocoa 
polyphenols in preventing abnormal accumulation of toxic protein 
aggregates in the brain would play a pivotal role in preventing the loss
 of synapses that are critical for functional connection among neurons.</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><i></i><br />
<i><br />
 <b>The benefits of cocoa polyphenols in preventing synapse loss and, 
therefore, in preserving or restoring synaptic function may provide a 
viable and important strategy for preserving cognitive function, the 
authors noted.</b></i><b> </b><i></i><br />
<i><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">"There is a need for multi-disciplinary 
collaborative efforts involving cocoa producers, wholesalers and the 
biomedical community if we want to succeed in the development of cocoa 
extract for health benefits," Dr Pasinetti emphasised.</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><i></i><br />
<i><br /> <b>Evidence
 suggests that certain procedures used in cocoa processing can 
significantly influence its polyphenol content, ultimately influencing 
its biological activity.</b></i><b> </b><i></i><br />
<i><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">"Interestingly, two of the most common
 processing techniques for the chocolate we consume have been reported 
to result in the loss of as much as 90 percent of the polyphenols in 
cocoa," Dr Pasinetti maintained.</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><i></i><br />
<i><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Ongoing research will provide 
an unprecedented opportunity to strengthen our understanding of the 
beneficial roles of cocoa polyphenols and improve cocoa development and 
processing in order to promote healthy brain ageing and possibly prevent
 Alzheimer's disease, the authors concluded.</b></span></i><br />
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Science 'Smart' chocolate may slow brain loss in the elderly

A novel chocolate made of dietary cocoa extract can promote brain health and prevent age-related neuro-degenerative disorders like Al...

Scientists Have Created a System That Absorbs 99.7% of All Sound

5:16 AM Unknown 0

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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"></span></b></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The sound of silence. </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>You may
 think you know what peace and quiet <b>sounds</b> like, but you don't - not 
really. In <b>fact</b>, in the total absence of noise, the human brain can 
start inventing sounds of its own, <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">because it relies so much on the <b>audio</b> cues we usually hear around us.</span></i></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>With
 that in mind, consider the new system developed by scientists at the 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, which is capable of 
absorbing almost all the sound that hits it - <b>99.7 </b>percent of that 
sound, to be precise. The new set-up uses not one but two resonators, tuned to vibrate at whatever the<b> frequency</b> of the acoustic waves they're being hit with.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The
 problem<b> with traditional approaches to sound absorption is that the 
sonic insulators used</b> are composites designed to handle different 
frequencies of audio - building something that can cover every possible 
frequency is beyond the capabilities of <b>modern materials</b>, and thus no 
matter how good your home cinema set-up is, you're still going to get 
some <b>sound leakage</b> somewhere.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>That's where the<b> resonators</b> come in. The first one is "<b>m</b></i></span><b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>i</i></span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i><b>pedance-matched</b>"
 to the open air or whatever is surrounding the absorber - this provides
 a convenient route for sound waves to pass through. The second 
resonator is there to cancel out any scattered noise produced by the 
first, and it's this combination that achieves the<b> 99.7 percen</b>t 
<b>absorption level</b>, no matter what the volume of the <b>noise</b>.</i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_hWV_C1e72Twat4811kxFpQ0A00PxRk8GlnA2dbIIsiumWOHsBvQpiMtFC9FV5RE5AP4PIPIgeajVTa79ZAkYfXqS5vpE-FGCUKuYb1tGdbAgxe9pgCP2K6_ksKHtWLyyht67QamzCE/s1600/sound2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_hWV_C1e72Twat4811kxFpQ0A00PxRk8GlnA2dbIIsiumWOHsBvQpiMtFC9FV5RE5AP4PIPIgeajVTa79ZAkYfXqS5vpE-FGCUKuYb1tGdbAgxe9pgCP2K6_ksKHtWLyyht67QamzCE/s400/sound2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The new system is actually building on a previous <b>experimen</b>t conducted last year by some of the same <b>team</b>. In that case,
 a thin absorbing material was used in <b>conjunction</b> with a hard 
reflecting layer, with the sound waves caught in the air between and 
<b>silenced</b>. The new approach follows a similar strategy, but uses a single
 layer of <b>material</b>.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The final report is available to read at <b>Applied Physics Letters</b>,
 though you'll need a strong head for physics to get through the 
details. "The net result is a perfect absorber that scatters no sound 
and that does not need a reflecting back wall... or another controlling 
wave," concludes the report. "<b>Owing</b> to its <b>subwavelength</b> dimensions, acoustic waves incident from any direction will be completely dissipated."</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>And
 speaking of sound-proofing, is 45 minutes really the longest anyone can
 stay in a perfectly silent, pitch-black room without going crazy? Derek from <b>Veritasium investigates:</b></i></span></div>

Science Technology Scientists Have Created a System That Absorbs 99.7% of All Sound

The sound of silence. You may think you know what peace and quiet sounds like, but you don't - not really. In fact , in the to...

Scientists are turning salt water into drinking water using solar power

3:35 AM Unknown 0

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<b></b></div>
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<br />
<b>The world needs this.</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>By inexpensively turning salt water into drinking water using 
sustainable solar power, a team from MIT in the US has not only come up 
with a portable desalination system for use anywhere in the world that 
needs it, but it’s just won the 2015 Desal Prize - a competition run by USAID to encourage better solutions to water shortages in developing countries.</i></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>In
 order to win the $140,000 prize, entries had to demonstrate how their 
invention not only works well, but is cost-effective, environmentally 
sustainable, and energy efficient. And the MIT researchers teamed up 
with US-based manufacturing company, Jain Irrigation Systems, to do just
 that.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The team’s invention works by using solar panels to charge a cache of
 batteries that power an electrodialysis machine that removes salt from 
the water and makes it perfectly drinkable. David L. Chandler explains for MIT News:</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>"Electrodialysis
 works by passing a stream of water between two electrodes with opposite
 charges. Because the salt dissolved in water consists of positive and 
negative ions, the electrodes pull the ions out of the water, Winter 
says, leaving fresher water at the centre of the flow. A series of 
membranes separate the freshwater stream from increasingly salty ones."</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Solar-powered
 desalination plants are nothing new, and officials are investigating 
potential in water-poor areas such as Chile and California right now, 
but the technology has so far been extremely expensive to both piece 
together and run. And this obviously makes it difficult for developing 
countries to adopt. The key to the MIT plant is the electrodialysis 
process, says Chandler, talking to one of the team, mechanical engineer Amos Winter:</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>"Both
 electrodialysis and reverse osmosis require the use of membranes, but 
those in an electrodialysis system are exposed to lower pressures and 
can be cleared of salt buildup simply by reversing the electrical 
polarity. That means the expensive membranes should last much longer and
 require less maintenance, Winter says."</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Chandler reports
 that the MIT system can turn 90 percent of the salt water that's fed 
into it into drinking water, which is huge, compared to the 40 to 60 
percent from reverse-osmosis systems.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The team has been testing 
their system out in several villages across India since 2014, and have 
been using the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research 
Facility in the US to run 24-hour tests to analyse its efficiency and 
cost of maintenance. According to Mary Beth Griggs at <i>Popular Science</i>, in just 24 hours, their system can remove the salt from 2,100 gallons (7,950 litres).</i></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>They’re
 now hoping to expand their field tests to rural communities in 
developing countries, in the hopes that they can set them up as 
irrigation systems in small farms. "A solution with the potential to 
double recoverable water in an environment where water is becoming more 
precious by the day could have a huge impact," environmental and civil 
engineer Susan Amrose from the University of California at Berkeley, who
 was not involved in the research, told MIT News.</i></span></div>

Science Technology Scientists are turning salt water into drinking water using solar power

The world needs this. By inexpensively turning salt water into drinking water using sustainable solar power, a team from MIT in the...

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